| Exoplanetary Scratchpad |
Sulfurous Cloud Giants are Water Cloud Giants that may be hot enough for sulfurous compounds to stain the water clouds a yellowish color. This is a list of systems containing Sulfurous Cloud Jovians (or Jupiter Twins) as identified on Extrasolar Visions. For an updated list, see Sulfurous Cloud Giants.
Sulfurous Cloud Giants[]
- Errai System - Also known as Gamma Cephei, an orange sub-giant (1.4 MS, 4.8 RS, 6.6 GY) with a 1.6 MJ "Sulfurous Cloud Giant", Tadmos, in an eccentric orbet centered at 2 AU (1.8 to 2.2 AU) and a red dwarf (0.5 MS) at 20 AU (11.9 to 28.3). Located 45 ly away at the northern tip of the constellation and one of the brightest stars near Polaris and will succeed Polaris as the North Star (closer to pole in 3000 AD, and at closest in 4000 AD). It is the first close in binary star found to have a planet. The planet was first detected in 1988, and could have been the first discovered, but wasn't confirmed until 2002. Could be called the first real exoplanet detected. One of the first 20 exoplanet systems allowed to be given common names by the IAU. Named after an ancient Syrian city.
- 94 Ceti System - A yellow water cloud Jovian around a hot yellow dwarf star. Has a low C/O ratio like the solar system.
- HD 93083 System - A yellow Water Cloud Jovian around an orange dwarf star.
- HD 37124 System - The fourth triple planet system discovered around a normal star, the last one announced with 4 other multiplanet components in 2005. A Sunlike star with Jovian planets that received Venus-like, Mars-like, and Asteroid Belt-like radition from their stars. Simulations showed that no terrestrial planets could form between the Venus-like and Mars-like Jovian planets.
Eccentric Sulfurous Cloud Giants[]
- HD 8574 System - Template:HD 8574 System
- HD 80606 System - Multiple star system (also known as Struve 1341) with a planet, which had a higher period (111 days) than any other known transiting planet and highest eccentricty (Halley's comet-like, epistellar distances to almost Earth-like distance) prior to the release of Kepler data. It is the nearest transiting Super Jupiter (4 MJ, radius slightly less than 1 RJ, 190ly). Its length of day is 36 hours. Discovered in 2001, but found to transit in 2009. Planet is the first one for which changes in weather have been observed. Potassium was detected from the high wind regions of the exosphere. In 2010 it was found to be only one of the two out of all 79 known transiting exoplanetary systems that could not support a habitable Earth-like planet, since its elongated orbit would destabilize any such planets. Planet thought to be in the process of becoming a Hot Jupiter. Observations suggested that energy transferred during closest approach to star would take 10 Billion Years to cause the orbit to circularize, meaning this tidal migration method may not be the preferred one to form hot jupiters.
- HD 142 System - Multiple star system with a planet.
- HD 82943 System - Yellow dwarf with two large orbit-crossing Jovians locked in 1:2 orbital resonance that would span the inner solar system, which were disccovered by the Swiss team by 2001. The planets have nearly identical mass (1.8 MJ). Shown to have a dust disk by Spitzer.
- HD 40979 System - Multiple star system with a planet.
- 23 Librae System - Near naked-eye star containing two planets, also known as HD 134987. The first is an eccentric giant at Venus-like distances and one of the first exoplanets discovered (1999). The second is a Jupiter analog (a = 5.8 AU, q = 5.3 AU, Q = 6.3 AU, e = 0.12, P = 14 EY, m = 0.8 MJ) discovered ten years later, indicating that enough time has passed to detect Jupiter-like planets.
- Iota Horologii System - Iota Horologii is a bright yellow dwarf star, also known as HR 810. Contains the first planet discovered with an ESA instrument. This is an Eccentric Jupiter (over twice Jupiter's mass) and orbits almost as far as the Earth does from the Sun. Because of the greater luminosity of its star (50% more than the Sun), this planet is also considered a Hot Jovian. Stability analysis indicates that Earth-sized trojan planets could exist around this planet's orbit. A dust disk was announced around this star in 2000, but was later retracted as being due to an instrument defect. Another planet was also proposed, but retracted. System has a low C/O ratio like the Solar System.
- Gliese 3021 System - Multiple star system with a planet.
- HD 12661 System - System with two Jovians that could support water clouds discovered in 2000 and 2002. The innermost one may be an "Eccentric Sulfurous Cloud Giant".
- HD 196885 System - Template:HD 196885 System